Oil and Gas Fulfill 60% of our Energy Requirements

Posted on February 22, 2012 by admin

Shelter, clothing, and food are considered the basic living necessities. With the increase in industrial activity and associated machineries over the past 2 centuries, petroleum and the products it generates have now become essential for human existence. Human dependence on the oil and gas industry is so vital that without petroleum products, we may return to the Stone Ages very quickly unless alternatives come about.

We Need Oil

Aside from petrol and diesel (used in autos) and gas (for cooking) which are immensely popular, petroleum makes up the raw material for quite a few pharmaceutical and chemical products, fertilizers, and much more. Petroleum usage has a history of over 5000 years though it has not always been in a refined form. The current situation is that over sixty percent of our energy requirements are fulfilled by oil and gas. The rest of the forty percent comes from other sources like wind, sun, coal, and water. Due to these numbers, oil exploration companies are often thriving due to the demand being seen.

Basically every aspect of the global economy relies on the oil and gas industry, it just varies as to what extent. Therefore it is concerning when petroleum products like gas, petrol, and diesel can be so combustible, releasing carbonic, sulfuric, and nitric acid to the surrounding atmosphere, which is a very dangerous thing to the environment.

Oil Well

Oil is a natural product found in the crust of the earth, which has to be extracted by oil drilling companies and processed to make it into various products. Crude oil is extracted using a drilling rig with holes being made anywhere from five to fifty inches using a pressure technique. Refineries then process the oil further, and as the yield from the drilling goes down enough, the well is abandoned. At times hydraulic fracking techniques can be utilized to increase extraction rates.

It is vital to understand the origin of petroleum, since pretty much every aspect of modern life has become dependent on its products. It is a fossil fuel that is generated by the remains of dead animals and other organisms which takes many years beneath the earth’s surface.

The pollutants generated from the oil refineries are significantly harmful to the atmosphere. One of the effects of oil extraction,using these fuels, and byproduct pollution from refineries is global warming.

Petroleum is a natural resource, not an artificial one, so there is a limited supply. It needs to be used carefully so it will last longer or at least until alternative sources are located that can replace petroleum. This could end up being nuclear in some way, solar, or electricity.

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Drilling for Oil – Just the Facts from Petrochase

Posted on February 20, 2012 by admin

Drilling for oil is an industry that is high risk/high reward. The oil industry has benefited substantially over the years due to the increasing demand for oil and natural gas. Energy is a major need for human survival. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that evolves deep in the earth’s crust from the fossils of animals and plants. Unfortunately it takes millions of years for dead animals and plants to decompose and make oil.

How are Oil Reserves Located?

Finding Oil

Geologists locate oil reservoirs in the earth’s crust with studies and using specific instruments. At times geologists work independently on contract or an oil company may employ one full time depending on how big they are. They evaluate the conditions for entrapment, reservoir rocks, and oil trap. The geologists look at surface rocks and terrains to ferret out the oil bed by using some shallow drilling.

As the last 10 years have come along with the advancement of technology, the monitoring of the surface is performed by satellite images, along with other scientific equipments. The equipments utilized for locating oil beds are:

Seismology method
Gravity meter
Sniffers
Magnetometer

Gravity meters calculate changes in the earth’s gravitational field by indicating oil flow. Similarly, the magnetometer calculates the magnetic field changes in the earth. Sniffers can detect hydrocarbon odors with its highly receptive electronic nose.

Seismology is where shock waves are created which then pass through rocks, and record the waves which get reflected back. It is widely used for finding reservoirs of oil. The shock wave is formed by thumper trucks, explosives, and a compressed air gun.

A compressed air gun is utilized for generating shock waves in water. A shock wave gets created into water and a wave is created. The thumper trucks explore the ground by slamming heavy plates into it. Explosives are also utilized after shallow drilling on either land or in water.

The shock waves get reflected back by the sedimentary rock layers underneath. Seismometers and recording mikes record these reflected waves. Geologists tag the place using GPS coordinates or by using sign buoys on the water. It’s complicated, but worlds ahead of where it used to be an much more scientific and successful.

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How Does an Oil Formation Take Place?

Posted on February 18, 2012 by admin

Oil is a fossil fuel that is utilized around the globe for several purposes like lighting, cooking, and transportation. In 2009 the US produced 4.9 million barrels of crude oil daily and imported additional 100% of this, 9.8 million barrels, from other nations. A significant amount of the amount produced in the US comes from oil exploration companies harvesting the product.

Crude oil is refined to make petroleum products such as kerosene, gasoline, and other heating oils. To meet energy requirements in the US, the oil industry has to look for new petroleum sources and to improve the existing refinery production.

How does oil formation occur?

Oil gets secreted from the animal and fossil plants that died between ten to six hundred million years ago- both under the ground and the ocean. Dead plants and animals sink down to the earth’s crust and over many years, they sink to the earth’s sedimentary layer where the presence of oxygen is either very little or nonexistent.

With these conditions, anaerobic micro-organisms are invited in to invade these layers and decay the leftovers into compounds that are rich in carbon that form organic layers. This organic material gets mixed into the sediments and begins to look like tiny grained rocks or shale. That’s the definition of “shale formation” actually.

These sediments give off heat along with pressure on the environment that is close by. This heat then pressurizes and distills the sediments to natural gas and oil. The oil comes out of the main rock and gets accumulated in reservoir rocks consisting of limestone or sandstone.

The fossils in the crust of the earth that are trapped between the rock layers, known as cap rocks (such as marble or granite), generate movement effects that include pinching out, faulting, and folding:

Pinching out: Occurs when an impermeable rock layer is squeezed upwards into a reservoir rock.
Folding: The horizontal crust movement forces the rock layer to move upwards, forming a fold.
Faulting: Results from cracks on rocks shifting to one side- either upwards or downwards.